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Mercator projection at a glance

Distortion class
Conformal
Graticule type
Cylindrical
Creator
Gerardus Mercator
Year
1569
Area
Highly distorted: enlargement grows toward the poles (Greenland looks larger than South America, though it is only about one eighth of its size)
Shape
Preserved locally (conformal projection)
Distances
Distorted: scale is true only along the equator (or chosen standard parallels) and grows toward the poles
Angles and directions
Preserved locally; every straight line on the map is a rhumb line, a line of constant compass bearing

Add countries from the tools panel and drag them to other latitudes. The outline keeps its true shape and area on the globe, so any change in its size on the map shows this projection's distortion. Tissot's indicatrices and the area distortion map show the same effect across the whole world.