Winkel Tripel projection
Winkel Tripel tries to reduce three major problems at once: area, direction, and distance. It is perfect at none of them, but that is exactly why it became one of the most important modern compromises for world maps.
Three compromises instead of one obsession
The name Tripel points to a triple goal. Oswald Winkel did not want to preserve only one property at maximum strength, because the others would suffer too much. He wanted a world map that reduces the overall set of errors so the result remains useful and believable in everyday reading.
That approach fits modern atlases well. The reader is often not measuring with a ruler, but wants to avoid extreme illusions. Winkel Tripel gives a map that feels more natural than many equal-area projections and fairer than Mercator, though it is still not a precision measuring tool.
Global Cartographic Grid
Distortion Properties
| Property | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Area | CompromiseCompromise: low mean distortion, although polar areas are exaggerated |
| Shape | CompromiseCompromise: a good balance of shapes |
| Distances | CompromiseCompromise: low mean scale distortion; scale is true along the central meridian |
| Angles and directions | CompromiseCompromise: not conformal, with moderate angular distortion |
| Continuity | PreservedPreserved |
History & Origin
Designed in 1921 by German cartographer Oswald Winkel. The name 'Tripel' (triple) refers to Winkel's goal of minimizing three types of distortion simultaneously: area, direction, and distance.
Applications
Modern wall maps. In 1998, the National Geographic Society adopted the Winkel Tripel projection as their standard projection for world maps.
How to read this map
This is a negotiator's map: no property gets everything, but no property is completely ruined.
- Read it as a general-purpose compromise for viewing the world.
- Edges still distort, but less brutally than in many alternatives.
- Comparison with Robinson reveals subtle differences in compromise aesthetics.
- Comparison with Equal Earth shows the price of not preserving area.
What you gain and lose
Winkel Tripel preserves neither area nor angles perfectly. Its strength is reducing average error rather than achieving mathematical purity in one category.
Modern atlases, wall maps, and general geographic education.
Exact area calculations, navigation, and technical measurement maps.
Not sure this projection fits your map? Answer three questions in the finder →
Want to see it next to another projection? Compare: Winkel Tripel vs Mercator →
Can you recognize this projection without the label?
The projection quiz uses graticules and world outlines, so it is a natural next step from this page.
One attempt, the same set for everyone
Size illusion · Build a streak and come back tomorrow for another map.
✦ How do different countries look in this projection?
Analyze shape distortions of 5 countries in this cartographic projection and test them in the sandbox.
The USA keeps a readable shape without dramatic inflation.
Test on map →
China is a good test for Eurasian mid-latitudes.
Test on map →
Russia remains difficult, but less exaggerated than in Mercator.
Test on map →
Greenland is more reasonable, though not perfect.
Test on map →
Brazil shows whether the compromise treats the tropics fairly.
Test on map →Facts worth remembering
- National Geographic adopted Winkel Tripel as its standard world map in 1998.
- Tripel refers to an attempt to limit three kinds of distortion.
- It is one of the best examples of a map designed for reasonable perception, not one perfect property.
Keep reading about maps that reshape intuition
Frequently Asked Questions
It is used for general world maps and educational wall maps. It is widely considered the best graphical compromise available.
It must not be used for marine/air navigation or precise geodetic calculations, as it is non-conformal and non-equal-area.
Landmasses on the extreme edges of the grid, such as New Zealand or eastern Siberia, which suffer from moderate stretching and tilt.
The vast majority of countries (including Poland, Germany, the US, and China) look highly proportional and natural.
While no flat projection is perfect, the Winkel Tripel is widely regarded as the best compromise. Area and shape distortions are distributed evenly, so polar landmasses, although still enlarged, do not balloon as they do on Mercator.