Mollweide projection
Mollweide shows the entire world inside an ellipse and works very well for global datasets. It is visually calmer than Gall-Peters while still preserving area, which is why it often appears in climate, population, and astronomy maps.
The ellipse that turns the world into a fair data board
Unlike rectangular cylindrical projections, Mollweide encloses the world in a smooth ellipse. That shape immediately tells the reader they are seeing the whole globe flattened into a single image. The map does not pretend to be a perfect sheet; it shows its own limits.
Its strongest advantage is area preservation. If you color countries by emissions, climate, biomes, or scientific datasets, you do not want the Arctic to steal the visual stage. Mollweide lets global patterns be compared without the brutal scale mistake of Mercator.
Global Cartographic Grid
Distortion Properties
| Property | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Area | PreservedPreserved (equal-area) |
| Shape | DistortedDistorted, most strongly near the edges of the ellipse, especially at high latitudes |
| Distances | DistortedDistorted; scale is true only along the 40°44′ N and S parallels |
| Angles and directions | DistortedDistorted; only two points are distortion-free: 40°44′ N and S on the central meridian |
| Continuity | PreservedPreserved |
History & Origin
Developed in 1805 by the German mathematician and astronomer Karl Mollweide. It was created to satisfy the need for an equal-area projection showing the entire globe inside an aesthetically pleasing ellipse.
Applications
Thematic maps of the world (climate zones, population density), astronomical sky charts, and presentations of global scientific data.
How to read this map
Think of it as a map for coloring global phenomena: shapes are soft and sometimes curved, but areas do not lie aggressively.
- It compares continent and ocean areas well.
- The edges of the ellipse bend shapes the most.
- The center is usually easier to read than the far edges.
- It works beautifully for thematic maps, less so for road maps.
What you gain and lose
Mollweide preserves area at the cost of shapes and angles. It is a good choice for data, but weak for local orientation.
Climate, population, biome, scientific, and sky maps.
Navigation, street maps, and local direction comparisons.
Not sure this projection fits your map? Answer three questions in the finder →
Want to see it next to another projection? Compare: Mollweide vs Mercator →
Can you recognize this projection without the label?
The projection quiz uses graticules and world outlines, so it is a natural next step from this page.
One attempt, the same set for everyone
Size illusion · Build a streak and come back tomorrow for another map.
✦ How do different countries look in this projection?
Analyze shape distortions of 5 countries in this cartographic projection and test them in the sandbox.
Australia remains readable, but its relationship to the ellipse edge is visible.
Test on map →
Brazil shows the value of equal-area design clearly.
Test on map →
Russia does not dominate as strongly as in Mercator.
Test on map →
South Africa shows the calmer distortions of the south.
Test on map →
Greenland returns to a more reasonable scale.
Test on map →Facts worth remembering
- Mollweide is also popular in astronomy for all-sky maps.
- The elliptical outline visually separates it from Mercator's rectangular world.
- It is a classic choice when global data matters more than pretty country shapes.
Keep reading about maps that reshape intuition
Frequently Asked Questions
It is used for global thematic maps showing statistical or climate datasets, and for astronomical charts of the celestial sphere.
It must not be used for navigation or local topographic maps, as distortion increases significantly towards the edges of the ellipse.
Countries situated at the outer edges of the ellipse (such as eastern Russia, Alaska, Australia, and New Zealand) which suffer from severe bending and tilting.
Countries near the 40°44′ N or S parallel close to the central meridian, where the projection has no distortion (e.g., Spain, Portugal, southern France, and Italy).
The area ratio is constant. This is achieved by representing parallels as straight lines with decreasing spacing towards the poles, and meridians as elliptical arcs.